В английском языке при переводе прямой речи в косвенную речь соблюдается согласование времен:
1. Если сказуемое главного предложения в настоящем или будущем времени, то сказуемое придаточного предложения может быть в любом времени исходя из необходимого смысла.
Например:
She says she will study English.
Она сказала (говорит), что она будет учить английский язык.
She says she has studied English.
Она сказала (говорит), что она учила английский язык.
2. Если сказуемое главного предложения в прошедшем времени, то сказуемое придаточного предложения должно быть в одном из прошедших времен.
Например:
She said she would study English.
Она сказала, что она будет учить английский язык.
She said she had studied English.
Она сказала, что она учила английский язык.
3) В некоторых случаях правило согласования времен можно соблюдать или не соблюдать:
(i) В придаточных дополнительных предложениях, которые выражают общеизвестный факт или истину.
Например:
Shе said that water boils at 100 degrees.
Она сказала, что вода кипит при температуре 100 градусов.
(ii) В зависимости от временной ссылки, времена и наречия времени могут меняться или не меняться.
Например:
“They are leaving next month”, she said.
Косвенная речь: She said they were leaving the following month. (out of date, i.e. speech reported after they had left).
“They are leaving next month”, she said.
Косвенная речь: She said they are leaving next month. (up to date, i.e. speech reported before they have left).
При переходе прямой речи в косвенную речь глагол меняет свою временную форму, это называется согласование времен, которое приведено в таблице ниже.
| Прямая речь
(Direct Speech) |
Косвенная речь
(Indirect speech) |
| Present Simple | Past Simple |
| Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
| Present Perfect Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| Past Simple | Past Perfect |
| Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| Future Simple | Future Simple in the Past |
| Future Continuous | Future Continuous in the Past |
| Future Perfect | Future Perfect in the Past |
| Future Perfect Continuous | Future Perfect Continuous in the Past |
| Past Perfect | Не изменяется |
| Past Perfect Continuous | Не изменяется |
| Прямая речь
(Direct Speech) |
Косвенная речь
(Indirect speech) |
| “I study hard,” she said. | She said (that) she studied hard. |
| “I am studying hard,” she said. | She said (that) she was studying hard. |
| “I have studied hard,” she said. | She said (that) she had studied hard. |
| “I studied hard,” she said. | She said (that) she had studied hard. |
| “I will study hard,” she said. | She said (that) she would study hard. |
| “I have been studying hard,” she said. | She said (that) she had been studying hard. |
| “I am going to study harder,” she said. | She said (that) she was going to study harder. |
| “I can study harder,” she said. | She said (that) she could study harder. |
| “I may study harder,” she said. | She said (that) she might study harder. |
| “I must study harder,” she said. | She said (that) she had to study harder. |
| “I should study harder,” she said. | She said (that) she should study harder. |
| “I ought to study harder,” she said. | She said (that) she ought to study harder. |
| “Do you study hard enough?” he said to her. | He asked her if she studied hard enough? |
| “Study harder!” he said to her. | He told her to study harder. |
В косвенной речи личные и притяжательные местоимения изменяются в зависимости от лица, от которого ведется повествование, также изменяются все указательные местоимения и наречия времени и места в придаточном предложении по смыслу предложения.
| Прямая речь
(Direct Speech) |
Косвенная речь
(Indirect speech) |
|
| This |  |
That |
| These | Those | |
| Here | There | |
| Tonight, today, this week / month / year | That night, that day, that week / month / year | |
| Now | Then, at that time, at once, immediately | |
| Now that | Since | |
| Yesterday, last night / week / month / year | The day before, the previous night / week / month / year | |
| Tomorrow, next week / month / year | The following day / the day after, the following / next week / month / year | |
| Two days / months / years ago | Two days / months / years before | |
| “I will come to see you tomorrow,” he said. | He said he would come to see me the next day |
В косвенной речи вопросы имеют прямой порядок слов, а вопросительный знак в конце предложения заменяется на точку. Общие вопросы вводятся союзами if или whether, специальные вопросы вводятся вопросительными словами.
| Прямая речь
(Direct Speech) |
Косвенная речь
(Indirect speech) |
| Mr. Smith asked mе: “Do you play the piano?” Мистер Смит спросил меня: «Вы играете на пианино?» | Mr. Smith asked me if I played the piano. / Mr. Smith asked me weather I played the piano. Мистер Смит спросил меня играю ли я на пианино. |
| Shе asked me: “When did you send the letter?” Она спросила меня: «Когда Вы отправили письмо?» | Shе asked mе when I had sent the letter. Она спросила меня когда я отправил письмо. |